What did my raised garden beds do last garden season?

The raised garden beds where not very successful, but they did have some fun things

The raised bed garden is our garden 2 on the garden plan.

The garden season 2023 started dry and hot, which was not very useful for gardening. As mentioned in a previous post the carrots did not want to sprout. We found only 5 carrots in our raised beds and the onions we harvested where ratter small.

Freshly harvested carrots on straw mulch
Freshly harvested carrots
Freshly harvested onions on straw mulch
Freshly harvested onions

Where the carrots did not sprout, we planted tomatoes and peppers. I had pre-cultivated way too many to grow only in the greenhouse. We improved the soil a little with some manure and sawdust before planting. With the hot and dry wetter and us not watering much the tomatoes and peppers obvious did not do well. The tomatoes where only small brown sticks standing in the ground, but in August the wetter changed. We got rain on a regular base and the tomato plants started growing a little from the roots again. We even where able to harvest a few tomatoes before the blight came.

A small tomato plant with some green tomatoes starting to turn red, in a raised garden bed with straw mulch
Tomato plant in September
A small tomato plant with some red tomatoes, in a raised garden bed with straw mulch
Tomato plant in September

My daughter did a better job. She had this beautiful healthy looking tomato plant with some bright green tomatoes. When the tomatoes where ripe, she was quicker with harvesting then I was with taking a picture, but the taste was wonderful. The kid’s generally are very serious about there own gardens and love to water, so the tomato plants in there gardens obviously did better.

Healthy looking tomato plant with bright green tomatoes in a raised garden bed with straw mulch
Tomato plant

In the growing season 2022 I had left some leeks in the ground and they flowered beautifully. The only thing is that I missed out on the right point to harvest the seed. When the wetter changed and we had more rain some of the seed started to sprout right where it was. The seed head of the leeks looked very interesting, as if it has hair. I still was able to save some seed from the seed head, because not all seed had sprouted. We will use some of it in the coming growing season.

Leek seed head with leek seedlings growing directly out of the seed head
Hairy leek seed head

What I am definitely not liking is using straw as mulch in the garden. There are still so many seeds in there, which sprout, that I always have so much grain growing in the gardens. In this raised bed the leeks are partially hidden from all of the grain growing there.

Raised garden bed with 2 rows of leeks, partially hidden by grain plants
Weedy leek patch

I took out all of the grain (and also a lot of couch grass) to give the leeks some space.

Raised garden bed with 2 rows of, still small, leeks, mulched with straw
Weeded leek patch

Last fall we made a lot of biomass on a hay field. With this stuff the seed had long fallen out before we mowed it, so that should be much more to my liking as the straw. This biomass will serve as mulch for the gardens in the coming growing season, so we will see if the seed really has all fallen out before we pressed it to bales. Or maybe we will have gardens filled with plants from the hay field.

After the wetter turned in August we did some new sowing. We sowed dill, different varieties of lettuce and some sugar peas, which sprouted well and we even could harvest from, before the first frost came. I was positively surprised about that with the late sowing in August, but we had a long and mild fall, so sowing this late in the season will probably not work every year.

A row of small dill plants in a raised garden bed with straw mulch
Small dill
Raised garden bed with some lettuce and peas and straw mulch
Lettuce and peas

In one garden bed I planted a few potatoes, but we have a big problem with the couch grass coming trough every where. The roots of the grass actually just grow right trough the potatoes and I could put a big part of the harvest into the compost. Such a shame.

A Potato lying on the ground with a grown in couch grass root
Potato with couch grass root grown in

We also planted some flowers, but we should do a lot more to attract predator insects.

Yellow flowers with a red inner ring in a raised garden bed
Flowers

Last but not least our garden 2 also has a normal garden patch which was rotary tilled last spring (because of the couch grass). We planted red and white cabbages there, with celeriac in between. We planted a lot, counting in losses to pests, for instance, the caterpillar of the white cabbage butterfly. As you can see on the picture here we also used straw as mulch and the entire patch was full with grain already turning brown since I took the picture in the fall.

Garden patch filled with cabbages, celeriac and weeds
Cabbage patch

As expected some cabbage plants did better then others and there where more then enough pests. All in all this patch did alright. A part of the cabbages formed nice big heads.

A nice big white cabbage head above straw mulch
White cabbage
A nice big red cabbage head above straw mulch
Red cabbage

There where a lot of pests like this caterpillar (probably the cabbage moth, Plutella Xylostella) and this maggot (probably a small cabbage fly, Delia Radicum).

Green caterpillar on a white cabbage
cabbage moth caterpillar
White maggot looking out of a broken of white cabbage leaf
Maggot of a small cabbage fly

I could harvest more then enough cabbage heads to make enough sauerkraut to last us until the next harvest. I bought this slicer especially for making sauerkraut and I must say that the sauerkraut becomes much better as to when I cut it with a knife. Obviously with a knife I can not cut the cabbage as thinly as with the slicer and when I am making this kind of bigger batches I will always use the slicer from now on.

Slicing red cabbage with a sauerkraut slicer in a red create
Slicing cabbage
Weck jars filled with sliced red cabbages prepared to turn into sauerkraut
Sauerkraut in the making

Unlike the cabbages the celeriac did not do to well. Most of the plants did survive the dry and hot spring and summer start, but they stayed small and did not make any tuber. As I understand celeriac needs a lot of water to make a tuber, so I think this is not really the right crop for us to grow.

A little celeriac in front of a red cabbage in a garden patch mulched with straw
Celeriac
A little celeriac pulled out of the ground with no tuber formed lying on a garden patch mulched with straw
Celeriac

Luckily I had a celery variety for the stalks for the first time this year, which thrived very well in the greenhouse. We liked this celery for our soups very much, so we did not have to go without. We will grow this variety on a bigger scale this year.

After harvesting was done we let the chickens into the garden to help on pest reduction.

3 white Sussex chickens free range in a cabbage garden patch which was harvested
3 white Sussex chickens free ranging

Concluding I have to say that the garden soil is slowly improving, but it still has a long way to go. Having a drought spell is terrible, because the soil dries out so quickly and becomes so hard (like concrete) that if we water, the water just flows of to the side and waters the walking paths in stead of the garden soil.

The couch grass also is a big problem. It is all over in the original ground and on the walking paths. We can not dig it all out, that is just too much and we would have to empty out all of the raised beds again and dig out all of the fruit trees in order to do so.

Well, we are going to have to think of a new approach for these raised beds for the new garden season. We are having some thoughts there, but that is for a different time.

1st Growing season on our newly build composting beds

What did we sow/ plant and what did we harvest?
The new composting beds in garden 4

I ended my last post about building these compost beds (link) with sowing some green manure (mustard and lupines, since they sprout at low temperatures).

Small mustard plant and a very small lupine plant growing in a compost bed
A mustard plant & a lupine plant

Well, the mustard did very well. It grew very big, bloomed beautifully and gave us a lot of new mustard seed. We actually managed to harvest a lot of the seed and sowed it on empty beds later in the season. The fall-out seed sprouted again and grew and bloomed again before winter came.

Mustard seed and there shells against a red background
Mustard seed

The lupine did not do so well. All of them stayed very small and partially turned brown. Some of them actually managed to bloom a little and gave us some new seed we also harvested.

Lupine seed and there shells against a green background
Lupine seed

Since last spring was so cold for so very long we only started planting beginning of June. We raised a lot of seedlings in our new greenhouse, corn, pumpkin, sunflowers and other flowers.

Pumpkin seedlings in a create in a wheel barrow with two dogs in the background
Pumpkin seedlings

We planted them and where already doubtful if anything would really grow, since the material we had brought out did not seem broken down enough. We planted the seedlings anyhow, since we did not really have other garden space available and wanted to give the beds a change. The mustard seemed to do well, so why not something else.

A few days after we planted there was damage to a part of the seedlings which had nothing to do with the soil. On about 2 meter of the compost bed almost all seedlings where bent over close to the ground as if an animal rolled over them. This was such a sad sight.

A bent over corn seedling on a compost bed
A bent over corn seedling

To keep things short a summary of the different plants we had planted here and how they did.

Sunflowers

The sunflowers did not thrive, but they did not die either. They stayed very small and made a very small flower head. On the other hand there was a very beautiful pastel colour sunflower we did not plant our selves (a thank you to the birds) which did wonderful.

Beautiful pastel coloured sunflower in the sun against a garden background in the sun against a garden background
Beautiful pastel coloured sunflower

The sunflowers did make new seed, which where a feast for the chickens and the wild birds.

Pumpkin

Only one of the more then 30 pumpkin plants we planted survived. The compost bed is on a slight slope and this pumpkin plant is right on the bottom, so maybe over the years more soil has been washed down here by the rain on top of which we put our compost material and this pumpkin plant had better conditions as the others. Soon we realized that the compost beds lack nutrients and we started dividing the chicken manure from the coop around the pumpkin hoping that this pumpkin plant would survive and fruit.

Healthy looking pumpkin plant with a flower, the start of a pumpkin with the faded flower still on there and a yellow unripe small pumpkin in the sunshine
Pumpkin plant with pumpkins in different stages

I am glad to say that it worked and this one pumpkin plant gave us a lot of delicious pumpkins for soup and puree.

3 beautiful orange shiny ripe Hokkaido pumpkins in straw in a child’s toy trailer
beautiful orange shiny ripe Hokkaido pumpkins

All of the other pumpkin plants we planted looked like this. If this is sunburn or they just dried out, I am not sure.

Dried out pumpkin seedling in a compost bed
Dried out pumpkin seedling

Corn

With the corn it was the same story. Most of them looked like this after a few days.

Dried out corn seedling in a compost bed
Dried out corn seedling

There where several plants that lived and grew. We also gave these some chicken manure to ad nutrients to the plants. After a few weeks some of the corn plants fell over. I did not get a decent picture, but there where just no roots left any more.

Fallen over corn plant with no roots on a compost bed
Fallen over corn plant with no roots

All in all we managed to harvest a few corn cobs and they where delicious.

Flowers

We had a flower mix we started from seed in the greenhouse and planted them spread out over the compost beds. Strangely enough they seemed to thrive and gave the very sad looking compost beds some splashes of colour.

Yellow and pink flowers in a compost bed
Flowers

Tomato

This we did not plant our selves (another thank you to the birds). This tomato plant grew in the protection of the mustard plants and did well for a long time, but right before we could start harvesting unfortunately the blight came.

Tomato plant with ripening tomatoes amongst a lot of green against a blue sky
Tomatoes

Caterpillars

At the end of the season we found caterpillars on the volunteer mustard plants. When I am not mistaken these are the caterpillars of the “large cabbage white butterfly” (Pieris brassicae).

5 caterpillars of the “large cabbage white butterfly” (Pieris brassicae) on a mustard leaf
Caterpillars of the “large cabbage white butterfly” (Pieris brassicae)

Obviously this was no problem for us, since the mustard is only a cover crop and will die off in winter anyhow. (Unfortunately they also where on the cabbages in a different garden, but that is for another time)

Resuming

All in all, we where not very happy with the results for this garden, but we have learned a lot.

Some plants can thrive with little, others can not.

Food we want to grow usually need nutrients and nitrogen and the “soil” we created lacked nitrogen. Only straw, hay and some sawdust do not give a useful soil. In straw and hay is no energy left, since the plants had redirected it to the seeds they produced. Straw and hay needs to have been in a stable or coop and have been pooped on in order to be of value for a starting the garden (except if you just use it as mulch). Good thing we have some animals now and we have a friend with cows. We have been getting manure spreaders full of cow manure and spreading them directly onto the compost beds and expanding the compost beds to the maximum width which the garden area gives. This will be rotary tilled to mix the manure with the existing soil and will be repeated after a certain time to bring some air in the material to help it break down. I do hope these composting beds will be finished composting once the season begins, but I am not sure. We will check the temperature before we plant anything and will concentrate on the very “hungry” plants to start with. With time we will learn…